"Hounsfield units are a unit of measure that represents the different density levels of tissues and or other substances. The density of pure water was arbitrarily set at 0 HU and that of air at -1000 HU." (Hofer, 2000)
2000 Hoffer, M. CT Teaching Manual, Georg Thieme Verlag, pp.12-13.
Links:
[1] http://csi.whoi.edu/content/what-are-hounsfield-units
[2] http://csi.whoi.edu/faq/computed-tomography-ct-0